Wayanad - Kerala Trip

The Paniyas: A vast majority of tribes in Kerala State hail from the Paniya tribal sect. About 71.95 percent of the tribal population is found in Wayanad alone. The Paniyan means 'worker' as they were supposed to have been the workers of non-tribes. Gone are the days when Paniya settlement had a headman called 'kuttan' appointed by the land lord. Next in rank to Kuttan was the 'Mudali'or head of the family. Both 'Kuttan' and 'Mudali' are called 'Mooppanmar'. Monogamy appears to be the general rule among the Paniyas. In marriage bride price is practised like many other tribal communities. Widow remarriage is allowed. The Paniyas have only a crude idea of religion. Their major deity, is called 'Kali"is belived to be malignant and so powerful. They also worship Banyan tree. They hesitate to cut such trees and if anyone attempts to cut them, they fall sick. The Adiyas: The Adiya , like the Paniya , is one of the slave tribal sects in Kerala. In the nuclear Adiya family the husband is the head of the household. Bride price is given to the parents of the bride from the groom. Divorce, widow marriage, etc., are permitted polygamy is also practised. Even if their women commit such offences they are allowed to undergo purificatory ceremony known as 'Kalachu Veypu' to join their community back. The Adiyas call their wanton women as 'Chullachi'. The Adiya tribal community is divided into 20 classes called 'Mandu'. The head of the Mandu is called 'Chommikkaran'or 'Peruman'. The Kurichyas: The Kurichyas of Wayanad have a great martial tradition. They constituted the army of Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja who engaged the British forces in several battles. The descendants of those warriors are still expert archers. The excellence of Kurichya archery has been exhibited recently, at various centres. The Kurichyas are the most developed among the adivasis and they are small land owners. The art performed by Kurichyas is "Nellukuthu pattu" Keralatrip

Wayanad - Kerala Trip

Kabani river, one of the three east flowing rivers of Kerala, is an important tributary of the river Cauvery. Kabani and its tributaries constitute a powerful river system in the land scape of Wayanad. Panamaram rivulet takes its origin from the perennial lake called, 'Pookode lake'. It flows swiftly through mountain gorges and joined by other streams, tumbles down into Panamaram valley. Six kilometres further from Panamaram, this river joins with the Mananthavady rivulet, originating from the lower regions of the peak 'Thondarmudi'. From this confluence onwards, the river is known as Kabani, a mighty, perennial river which after entering Karnadaka State, joins with the river Cauvery. Almost entire Wayanad is drained by the Kabani river and its tributaries, namely, Panamaram river, Mananthavady river and Thirunelli river. contact KERALATRIP

Wayanad- Kerala Trip

FLORA & FAUNA The Flora Of Wayanad Are Characteristic Of The Western Ghats And The Plantation Crops Grown In The Cool Climate. A Major Portion Of The District Is Covered By Coffee. Trees Of The Wild Type Like Rose-Wood, Anjili (Artocarpus), Mullumurikku (Erthrina), Several Species Of Caussia And Many Other Non-Descrip Varieties Are Still Preserved Here And There, To Give Shade To The Coffee Plants. These Trees Give A Dembalance Of Wilderness To The Landscape Of Wayanad. In A Majority Of Coffee Plantations, The Age-Old Species Are Replaced By The Silver-Oak Which Is Suited To The Cold Climate. This Tree Grows Quickly And Its Cultivation Is Widespread Among Coffee Plantations For Shade And For Giving Support To Pepper. It Is Used For The Plywood Industry And Thus Is Economical To The Farmers. Eucalyptus Grandis, A Shorter Variety Of Eucalyptus, Whose Fragrant Smell Suffuses The Very Air Around It, Is Cultivated On A Large Scale In Centain Parts Of The District. Eucalyptus Oil Is Extracted On Commercial Basis From Its Leaves. Of The 20,864 Hectares Of Reserve Forest, The Major Portion Is Teak Plantation. Arecanut Palms And Jack Trees Are Also Grown Here. Tea Is Grown As An Industry In Large Estates. The Soil And Climate Of Wayanad Are Suitable For Horiculture On Commercial Basis. For Promoting The Cultivation Of Vegetables And Raising Of Orchards, The Kerala Agricultural University Is Running A Regional Agricultural Research Station At Ambalavayal. With The Clearing Of Forests, The Diverse And Buzzling Animal Life, Characteristic Of The Forests Of Western Ghats, Has Vanished From Wayanad. One Can Still See The Bonnet Monkeys, Loris, Mongooses, Jungle Cats, Squirrels, Jackals, Hares, Etc. In The Limited Forest Areas. Elephant, Bear And Other Wild Animals From The Neighbouring Wild Life Sanctuaries Of Karnadaka And Tamil Nadu, Stray Into The Begur Forest Range And The Forests Around Muthanga, Which Is 20 Kilometres Away From The Town Of Sulthan Bathery. Contact - Kerala Trip

Wayanad - Keralatrip.in

Wayanad, One of the fourteen districts in Kerala (India) is situated in an elevatedpicturesque mountainous plateau in Western Ghats. It lies between north latitude 11degree 26’28’’ and 11degree 48’22’’ and east longitude 75 degree 46’38’’ and 76 degree 26’11’’. There is a land not far from Calicut, the city of Zamorins, yet a world apart from Kerala'sagricultural and industrial epicentres. It is a quiet place where scenic beauty wild life andtraditional matter, simplicity is a virtue and beauty still blossoms from the mountainous horizon and from the green glaze of alluring vegetation. This is Wayanad - the green paradise - the border world of greener part of Kerala. Clean and pristine, enchanting and hypnotising this land has a history and mystery, culture and social epistemology yet to be discovered. Located at a distance about 76 km. from the sea shores of Calicut in the Western Ghats, this station is full of plantations, forests and wildlife. Wayanad hills are contiguous to Mudumala in Tamil Nadu and Bandhipur in Karnataka, thus forming a vast land mass for the wild life to move about in its most natural abode. The name Wayanad has been derived from the expression 'Vayal nadu' - the village of paddy fields. In the ancient times this land was ruled by the Rajas of the Veda tribe. In later times, Wayanad came under the rule of Pazhassi Rajas of Kottayam royal dynasty. When Hyder Ali became the ruler of Mysore, he invaded Wayanad and brought it under his way. In the days of Tipu, Wayanad was restored to the Kottayam royal dynasty. But Tipu handled entire Malabar to the British after the Sreerandapattam truce that he made with them. This was followed by fierce encounters between the British and Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja of Kottayam. Even when the Rajah was driven to the wilderness of Wayanad he waged several battles with his Nair and Kurichia-Kuruma tribal soliders against the British troops and defeated the latter several times through guerilla type encounters. The British could get only the dead body of the Rajah who killed himself somewhere in the interior forest. Thus Wayanad fell into the hands of British, and with it began a new turn in the history of this area. The Britishers opened up the Plateau for cultivation of tea and other cash crops. Roads were laid across the dangerous slopes of Wayanad from Calicut and Telicherry. These roads were extended to the city of Mysore and to Ooty through Gudalur. Roads facilities provided opportunities for the people of outside Wayanad to flow and settle to these jungle regions. When the state of Kerala was formed in 1956, Wayanad was part of Kannur district. Later South Wayanad was added to Kozhikode district and then on November 1, 1980 North and South Wayanad joined together to form the present Wayanad district. This mountain district is in many ways the most picturesque in the state, with its rolling hills covered with tropical rainforest. Wayanad also contributes richly to its fortunes, thanks to the flourishing cultivation of many spices, as well as Tea, Coffee and Cocoa. Wayanad is situated at a height of 700 to 2100m above sea level and is home to many species of animal and plant life. Temperatures range from 12 to 25 degrees centigrade. This district also has the added advantage of linking Kerala with the golden triangle of South India : Bangalore, Mysore and Ooty. This high altitude district is characterised by the cultivation of perennial plantation crops and spices. The major plantation crops include coffee, tea, pepper, cardamom and rubber. Coffee based farming system is a notable feature of Wayanad. Coffee is grown both as pure crop and as mixed crop along with pepper. Pepper is grown largely along with coffee in the north eastern parts of the district, especially in Pulpally and Mullankolly areas. Coffee in Wayanad (66,999 ha.) shares 33.65 per cent of the total cropped area in the district and 78 per cent of the coffee area in the state. Other major crops are rubber(63,015 ha.), coconut(59,452 ha.), cardamom (38,348 ha.), tea (31,792 ha.) cassava and ginger. A recent increase in the area under coconut cultivation is noticed in the lower elevations. Paddy is cultivated in 22,772 hectares of land. The rice fields of Wayanad are in the valleys formed by hillocks and in majority of paddy lands, only a single crop is harvested. Ginger cultivation in Wayanad has also substantially increased in recent times and the ginger produced is mainly marketed in the form of green ginger. Homestead farming assumes importance in this district. The average size of holdings are 0.68 ha. A variety of crops including annuals and perennials are grown in these small holdings. The crops include coconut, arecanut, pepper, vegetables, tuber crops, drumstick, papaya, etc. and fruit trees like mango and jack. The crop patterns/crop combinations prevelant in this district are not based on any scientific norms. Therefore scientific cropping patterns suitable for the agro-ecological situation is to be recommended. contact www.keralatrip.in

coorg - kerala trip

www.keralatrip.inMuch of Kodagu is used for agriculture. Characteristically and historically, paddy fields are found on the valley floors, with agroforestry in the surrounding hills. Ginger crops and meadows can also be found in the valley. The most common plantation crop is coffee, especially Coffea robusta variety. Kodagu is the second coffee production region in India, after the Baba Budangiri hills in Chikkamagaluru district. Coffee revenue helped Kodagu to become one the richest districts in India. The Coffea arabica variety is also grown in some parts of southern and western Kodagu, the historical area of coffee production. The coffee agro-forestry systems of Kodagu are one of the richest agro-forest in the world, with about 270 species of shaded trees inventoried (see publications of CAFNET project). But the trend is now to replace the native shade trees by exotic ones (such as the Grevillea robusta). In those coffee agro-forests are also cultivated spices like black pepper, cardamon, vanilla. Kodagu is also known for its forest honey. Many other crops are also cultivated, including para rubber, teak, and cocoa. There are also large areas of natural forest, especially in the forest reserves in the south and east. [edit]Flora and fauna Kodagu is considered rich with wildlife and has three wildlife sanctuaries and one national park: the Brahmagiri, Talakaveri, and Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuaries, and the Nagarhole National Park, also known as the Rajiv Gandhi National Park. The flora of the jungle includes Michelia champaca, Mesua (Ironwood), Diospyros (ebony and other species), Toona ciliata (Indian mahogany), Chukrasia tabularis, Calophyllum angustifolium (Poon spar), Canarium strictum (Black Dammar), Artocarpus, Dipterocarpus, Garcinia, Euonymus, Cinnamomum, Myristica, Vaccinium, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Rubus (three species) and a rose. In the undergrowth are found cardamom, Areca, plantains, canes, wild black pepper, Cyatheales and other ferns, and arums. In the forest of the less thickly-wooded bamboo country in the west of Kodagu the most common trees are the Dalbergia latifolia (Black wood), Pterocarpus marsupium (Kino tree), Terminalia tomentosa (Matthi), Lagerstroemia parviflora (Benteak), Anogeissus latifolia (Dindul), Bassia latifolia, Butea monosperma, Nauclea parvifiora, and several species of acacia. Teak and sandalwood also grow in the eastern part of the district. The fauna include: the Asian elephant, tiger, leopard, dhole, gaur, boar, and several species of deer.

Coorg - Kerala Trip

www.keralatrip.in Kodagu (Kannada: ಕೊಡಗು), also known by its anglicised former name of Coorg, is an administrative district in Karnataka, India. It occupies an area of 4,102 square kilometres (1,584 sq mi) in the Western Ghats of southwestern Karnataka. As of 2001, the population was 548,561, 13.74% of which resided in the district's urban centres, making it the least populous of the 30 districts in Karnataka.[2] Kodagu is well known in the world for coffee and its "brave warriors", like Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa. Madikeri (English: Mercara) is the headquarters of the Kodagu. The district is bordered by Dakshina Kannada district to the northwest, Hassan district to the north, Mysore district to the east, Kannur district of Kerala to the southwest, and the Wayanad district of Kerala to the south. Kodava is home to the native speakers of Kodava language.[3] As per 1991 census, the speakers of Kodava made up 0.25% of the total population of Karnataka.[citation needed] According to Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy, apart from Kodavas, 18 other ethnic groups speak Kodava Takk in and outside the district including Heggade, Iri, Koyava, Banna, Madivala, Hajama, Kembatti, and Meda.[4] Though the language has no script, recently German linguist Gregg M. Cox developed a new writing system for the language known as the Coorgi-Cox alphabet, used by a number of individuals within Kodagu.[5] Lately, some organizations including the Codava National Council and Kodava Rashtriya Samiti are demanding Kodava homeland status and autonomy to Kodagu district.[6][7]

coorg

coorg N kerala

Madikeri is the headquarters for the district of Coorg and where you will find many interesting tourist attractions. Some of the more notorious attractions are the former Palace, the Raja Seat, the Omkareshwara Temple, the Fort and the Gaddige or Rajas' tombs. The town can be found 1525 meters above sea level on the plateau of the Western Ghats. A prince from the Haleri dynasty, Muddu Raja founded Madikeri in 1681 under the original name Muddu Rajakeri, which became Madikeri. Madikeri is officially know as Mercara. RAJA'S SEAT One can have a panaromic view of the hills from Raja's seat. Sunsets at Raja's seat are an enchanting experience. Raja's Seat in the town of Madikeri is where the kings would sit and watch the sunsets with their consorts. This is considered one of South India's most scenic locations. The view from Raja's Seat is breathtaking as you gaze upon the green valleys and towering hills. This is the perfect place to sit with a glass of wine and watch cars curving up the road to Mangalore that lies in the valley like a flowing ribbon. The government has set up a garden all around Raja's Seat. This is the ideal place to go for a morning stroll. OMKARESHWARA TEMPLE Omkareshwara Temple The Omkareshwara Temple was established in 1820 by Lingarajendra II with Mumammadan style architecture, which featured a center dome and four corners with turrets. According to legend, the king put a pious Brahmin to death unjustly and built the temple to appease the Brahmin's spirit. The Omkareshwara Temple is like a Muslim dargah and has a Linga near the door of the entrance. The history of the temple was inscribed by the king on a plate made of copper that is hanging at the frame of the door to the temple entrance. MADIKERI FORT Mercara Fort Mercara Fort can be found on elevated ground atop Madikeri. The fort was originally made out of mud and rebuilt by Tipu Sultan with stone, only to be wrested back by the Coorg King in 1791.There are two mortar elephants, built life-size to catch the visitors' eyes as they enter the fort. Inside the fort, the British took out the temple of Virabhadra in 1855 and replaced it with the gothic-style Anglican Church, which has since been converted to a museum. The Madikeri Palace is inside of the Madikeri Fort and is home to the office of the Deputy Commissioner. The Palace was established by Lingarajendra Wodeyar II in 1814. The two-story structure was renovated by the British two times and a clock tower and portico for the commissioner's car was added in 1933. ABBI FALLS Abbi Falls Coorg's most popular waterfall is a 8 km drive from the main town. GADDIGE Gaddige, also know as Rajas' tombs or the tombs of Virarjendra is a significant monument in Coorg. The royal tombs provide a commanding view of the entire town. In 1820, the tomb of Lingarajendra was built. In addition, there are tombs for two army commanders and a priest. There is a plaque to commemorate General Biddanda Bopu. The tombs are Muhammadan style with center domes and turrets. Even the bars of the windows are made of fine brass and adorned with beautiful engravings. TALACAUVERY Talacauvery Every year, at a predetermined time, water gushes out from a small pond at Talacauvery, the birthplace of river Cauvery. Talacauvery is located 44 km from Madikeri, on the slopes of Brahmagiri Hill. Besides being a pilgrimage center, Talacauvery is known for its natural beauty. CAUVERY NISARAGDHAMA Nisargadhama is a beautiful island off the state highway, two km from Kushalanagar town and 28 km from Madikeri. The 64-acre island, surrounded by the Cauvery river, can be accessed by walking across a hanging bridge. Its breathtaking beautiful surrounding are lush with thick foliage of bamboo groves, sandalwood and teak trees. It has lovely river-side cottages which can accommodate five persons. Elephant rides and boating are some of the other attractions. There is a deer park, children's park and orchidarium in the resort. BYLEKUPPE Tibetan cultural dances being peformed at the monastery premises in Bylekuppe Bylekuppe near Kushalanagar is one of the largest Tibetan settlements in south India. It has several monasteries and the prominent among these are the Great Gompa of Sera Je and Sera Mey and the Namdroling monastery. The Mahayana Buddhist University is at Sera. Another important monastery is the Tashi Lhumpo monastery, the seat of the Panchen Lama. The gold-coated Buddhist statues in the monastery are imposing and unique, reflecting the rich cultural heritage of the Tibetans. VALNUR FISHING CAMP Valnur fishing camp is located near Kushalanagar on the banks of the Cauvery. Fishing enthusiasts can indulge in angling for the majestic Mahseer after obtaining fishing permits from the Coorg Wildlife Society. Valnur is also a bird-watchers' paradise. DUBARE RESERVE FOREST & DUBARE ELEPHANT CAMP This is another scenic spot located 15 km from Kushalanagar famous for its elephant training camp. It is also an ideal place for angling in the swirling waters of the Cauvery. Every year, at a predetermined time, water gushes out from a small pond at Talacauvery, the birthplace of river Cauvery. Talacauvery is located 44 km from Madikeri, on the slopes of Brahmagiri Hill. Besides being a pilgrimage center, Talacauvery is known for its natural beauty. HARANGI DAM The Harangi dam near Kushalanagar has a beautiful reservoir, ideal for a week-end stay. No matter if you are a nature lover or a history buff, you will fin

coorg - www.keralatrip.in

The cultural life of the people of Coorg centers on the village and the family. Religious festivals, marriages, births and the three major festivals of Kailmuhurtha or Kailpodh, Kaveri sankramana and Huthri or Puthri are the main events of the lives of the people of the town of Coorg. There are just a few festivals that the people of Coorg observe with great dedication. Over the years, as more and more influence from Hinduism has become present in the lives of the people of Coorg, there as also been an incursion of the Hindu religion as well. Here is a list of the main festivals and when the Coorg community celebrates them: • Ugadi - February • Shivarati - March • Kailpold - September • Kaveri Shankaramana - October • Puttari - November/December The Shivaratri and the Ugadi festivals are both primarily of Hindu origin and do not require much of an introduction. However, all of the other festivals are unique in purpose and celebration. Kailpodh When the end of the paddy sowing has come to pass and the close of the agricultural working season is near, it is time for the Kailpold festival. This occasion is celebrated with festivities, a great feast and the gathering for games and sports on the village green. The Coorgs set up Coconut Shies, conduct races, and hold marksman competitions. In the past, a time and date would be set and men of the tribe would set out on the hunt for game. Nowadays hunting does not form a part of the celebrations; instead shooting competitions are organized in the villages to satisfy the Coorgs urge to take the target out. The people of Coorg have a song to commemorate the festival of Kailpold: "On Kailmurth feast my work is done Then to the woods with knife and gun I hunt the bison, tiger, deer I am a fearless mountaineer" Kaveri Shankramana As October arrives, it is time for the biggest festival of all, Kaveri Shankramana. One of the chief festivals of the Kodavas. This time of the year the source of Kaveri River rises. This festival is to mark the renewal of the river Kaveri. The theertha waters rise every year. Traditionally, on the morning of Theerthodbhava Day, the Coorg families get ready for the event by cutting the branches of the Ponge Mara, which the find in the Coorg forests. They slit the sticks on top and tie a few leaves from the Kaiballi, a local vine, around the top of the stick. Then the prepared sticks are set in the ground at different spots all around the house. Two of the sticks are placed outside of the house, one is placed in the front yard, one in the paddy fields, one in the cattle shed and one near the well. The next day, early in the morning, the woman of the house gets up and takes a bath. Then she fills a platter with rice and on that, she places three betel nuts, three betel leaves, a cucumber or coconut that has been wrapped in a red silk scarf known as a vastra and a small lamp. This is called the Thaliakki Bolcha and it is placed facing toward the East and the cucumber or coconut is then adorned with the lady's traditional ornaments such as the Jaumale and the Pathakku. Some bangles made of glass are placed on the rice and the whole platter is then decorated with flowers. Once the lamp has been lit, the family will gather around and throw rice on the cucumber or coconut to invoke the Goddess Kaveri and ask her to give her blessing by touching the platter and then placing their hands on their foreheads. After this has been completed, the woman touches her husband's feet and asks for his blessings. Then, the morning meal, consisting of dosas, is served and then followed by some paisa(kheer) that has been prepared specially for the festival. The Coorgs fill three dosas with sugar and coconut and place them near the sticks that were placed around the house on the previous day. The Kaveri Shankramana is the only Coorg festival at which only vegetarian cuisine is served. Puttari The traditional harvest festival of the Coorgs is called Puttari. Late in the month of November or early in December just a few day before it is time for the festival, when the crops are ready for harvest and the moon is full, every village and every family come together and pray to the gods, thanking them for another plentiful year. Then the lady of the house takes a lamp and leads everyone to the fields and the first of the ripe paddy are cut. The sheaves that are cut are tied in little bunches and passed out to the attendants of the festival. The bunches are hung over the threshold or other significant place to ensure prosperity. The people of Coorg have strong believes and celebrate each of these festivals with passion and commitment just as their ancestors would prefer it. Contact www.keralatrip.in

Coorg - Keralatrip.in

Coorg The Coorgs' customs are quite different from those of the other people of India. The people of Coorg are well known for being hospitable. A delicacy that is served at community feasts is pork, prepared in vinegar that has been made from wild berries. The people of Coorg are quite fond of their weapons. They have a festival completely dedicated to weapons called Keil Podh. The Puttari harvest festival is opened up with the firing of guns. When a family is blessed with a son, a single gunshot is fired into the sky to welcome the little one. Likewise, when a Coorg passes away, two consecutive gunshots are fired into the sky to make the neighbors aware of the death. A Coorg Female performing a custom at the wedding. Primarily, the people of Coorg worship ancestors. In their houses, they have idols or images of their ancestors to whom the offer obedience and prayer. The idols are traditionally made from wood or clay, covered with metal, and placed in a shine called a kaimada that is built close to the ain-mane(ancestors home) entrance. A Coorg Elder invoking the blessings of Goddess Cauvery & Ancestors. Coorgs worship nature and they hold the river Cauvery in the highest regards. To them, the holy river is their mother. It is mentioned in the Puranas that the Coorgs were summoned by Lord Brahma when the River was going to take birth. All the Coorgs gathered at Talacauvery and took the first dip when the Goddess appeared and turned into the river. The people of Coorg are blessed by touching their elders' feet. A mother is held in the highest regard within the Coorg society. The mother is the first to bless a journeyman or young married couple. Unlike other Hindu societies, a Coorg widow may still participate in joyous occasions such as her children's weddings. She is seen as the principal figure for conducting wedding ceremonies that are conducted traditionally by elders without the participation of a priest. A Coorg Groom in the ethnic white kuppya and the headgear during the First Day (Oorkudo) Ceremony. The white Kuppya is worn only on marraige or death ceremonies. It may come as a surprise to many that the Kodava(Coorg) language has no word for dowry and prostitution, both of which are absent among the Kodavas. The general level of culture and education among women of Coorg has always been higher, women know their rights and are treated well in the family. A widow may remarry, which is quite common and has always been acceptable in the Coorg culture. Member of the Grooms party killing ( Chopping down ) mock banana trunk soldiers . A ritual at Coorg weddings. Even though Coorgs are Hindus, their marriage rights are not performed by a priest. Weddings in Coorg are like something from another planet. The groom claims a bride once a member of his clan has killed mock banana trunk soldiers. Following a feast, the men and women of Coorg get down to dancing, to the tribal beats which sounds to not have changed since time immemorial. The Coorg family unit is known as the okka. This is a patrilineal tribe made up of males with common ancestry. The male members of the okka(clan) all share a unique okka name. Presently, there are nearly 1000 okka families and family names in Coorg. The okka members worship each okka founder, known as the Karanava. In the central hall of every home in Coorg, you will find a Nellakki Bolucha, a lamp that is lit to honor the Guru Karana. The eldest member of an Okka is traditionally treated as the deity. The people of Coorg are also worshippers of nature and revere the earth, moon, fire and sun. Fire in the hearth of the kitchen is particularly sacred. The cultures and traditions of the Coorgs embrace Hinduism, but are unique and immensely different. Usually a priest oversees none of their births, deaths, marriages or festivals. Meat and libations are served at most of their feasts. Some of the customs practices by the Coorgs are reminiscent of pre-Christian Greek and old Eurasian traditions.

COORG - Keralatrip.in

COORG The majority of the early accounts of Coorg(Kodagu) are fundamentally eminent and the genuine record of history in Coorg is available only following the ninth century. On the word of inscriptions, Coorg was under the rule of many dynasties of South India such as Changalvas, Cholas, Gangas, Hoysalas, Kadambas and Pandyas. It is believed that early on the northern part of Kodagu was under the Kadambas and the south under the Gangas. The Cholas were a powerful force in the eleventh century they defeated the Gangas. However, the Changalva Arasus continued o rule the south Kodagu when Raja Chola was ruling in Tanjavur. The northern parts of Kodagu were ruled by the Kongalvas who were a vassal of the Cholas. The situation more or less remained the same till the invasion under Alauddin Khilji. In the fourteenth century the Changalvas became prominent rulers of Kodagu. For most of the period the influence of the Changalvas or the Kongalvas never reached beyond the borders of Kodagu. The period between the eleventh and sixteenth centuries were tumultuous and rulers changed faster than the seasons. However, Kodagu continued to cling on to its independent stature. The fall of the Vijayanagara empire signaled a change and in this period Keladi Nayaks of Ikkeri took over Kodagu and established the Paleri(Haleri) Kingdom. Paleri kings, who were Lingayats of Veerashaiva faith, ruled the region for more than 200 years (1580 - 1834). The first ruler of Paleri dynasty was Vira Raja. His grandson Muddu Raja I was a popular ruler and ruled for more than 50 years. He moved his headquarters to current day Madikeri in 1681. It was called Muddu Raja Keri and later shortened to Madikeri. Under the Paleri dynasty Kodagu attained a status as an Independent kingdom. Dodda Vira Raja ruled from 1687 - 1736. Under his rule the administration of the region was streamlined into villages and districts. Other notable figures in the history of Kodagu are Dodda Vira Rajendra (1780 - 1809) and Linga Raja II (1811 - 1820). Natives of the country of Coorg, from the French magazine 'L'Illustration'. c.1866 The Coorgs(Kodavas) saw the first successful invasion when Hyder Ali took over their land in 1763. However, it was not long before Hyder's army was defeated and Kodagu reverted back to Kodavas in 1765. In 1768 Lingaraja, the younger brother of the Haleri King Muddayya attacked Hyder's troops near the boundary with Mysore and defeated them. A treaty was effected and the boundaries of Mysore and Coorg, fixed. Once again, due to internal squabbling among the ruling kings, Hyder Ali sided with Linga Raja I and suceeded in installing him on the throne, finally taking direct control of the Kodavas in 1775. Lingaraja I died in 1780, leaving behind his two children to claim the throne. Coorg Warrior. c 1850 Hyder Ali took custody of the minor princes and appointed one of his minister to rule Coorg. An open rebellion broke out in June, 1782 and the Kodavas drove out Hyder's troops and dignitaries. Hyder Ali died and his son Tippu Sultan took over. In 1783, Tippu Sultan marched through Kodagu, while returning from Mangalore to Srirangapatana. He retained control of Coorg and strengthened the garrison at Mercara Fort. He called a meeting of Coorg chiefs and delivered to their hands written mandate accusing them of polyandry, plundering his armies & rebelling against Hyder and himself seven times. He warned the Kodavas with dire consequences, if they would rebel again. Enraged by the diktat, the Kodavas again rose up in rebellion, sacked and plundered Madikeri. The same year Tippu sent a force of 2,000 men against Kodavas, which was defeated. Engraving of General Lally, The Chief Commander of French in India. In 1784 Tippu invaded Coorg with his ally General Monsieur Lally and his french troops. Lally and his men were successful in capturing many Kodava's in the North & Western Parts of Coorg. The captured Kodava(Coorgs) were taken to Mysore, forcibly converted to Islam & enlisted in the Mysore Army. In 1784 Tippu entered Coorg with a 32,000 strong army, along with a French battalion commanded by General Monsieur Lally and defeated the Coorgs. In 1788, Kodavas rescued their king Dodda Vira Rajendra, the eldest of the princes, who had been taken prisoner by Tippu and held in Periyapatna fort. Once back in Coorg, the young Prince quickly organized an army and and kept on engaging Tippu's forces in the battlefield. By 1790 Dodda Vira Rajendra had successfully attacked and sacked most of the forts garissoned by Tippu Sultan's forces, except Mercara Fort. The same year Dodda Vira Rajendra came in contact with the British. In October 25, 1790 Dodda Vira Rajendra signed a treaty with the British, who promised to protect his kingdom against Tippu's onslaught and offer him independence in running the affairs of his kingdom. In return, the Raja would have to assist and fight along the British forces in their war with Tippu Sultan. In 1791, after a prolonged siege, Tippu's forces evacuated Mercara Fort and Dodda Vira Rajendra regained his entire kingdom. Eventually, the Kodavas backed the British troops and Tippu fell in the year 1799. The Princess Victoria Gouramma of Coorg. A steel engraving by Winterhalter and Grave by James S. Virtue Co. London. c.1835 Following Coorg's British annexation in the early 1830s, the town was directly under British rule until the Indian Independence in the late 1940s. Coorg was recognized by the Indian Constitution as part "C" state and elected a government to assume office in the early 1950s with a chief minister of its own. In November of 1956, the town of Coorg united with the onetime state of Mysore, as part of a state reorganization. Now, the district of Coorg is part of the state of Karnataka. Throughout the history of Kodagu, no ruler has held direct sway over the region. Kodagu has always been under the influence of local chieftains and maybe because of this reason, their culture has never been assimilated with the neighbors and they have always maintained their unique identity

Kerala Trip: www.keralatrip.in: Wayanad - Outdoor Trail 1. Chembra Peak At 2100 metres, the spectacular Chembra Peak located towards the southern part of Wayanad is the t...

Kerala Trip: www.keralatrip.in: Kannur Arakkal Kettu(3 km from Kannur): This was the residence of the former Arakkal Ali Rajas, the only Muslim royal family of Kerala. St....

Kerala Trip: www.keralatrip.in: Kannur Arakkal Kettu(3 km from Kannur): This was the residence of the former Arakkal Ali Rajas, the only Muslim royal family of Kerala. St....

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Kannur Arakkal Kettu(3 km from Kannur): This was the residence of the former Arakkal Ali Rajas, the only Muslim royal family of Kerala. St. Angelo Fort (3 km from Kannur): This seafront laterite fort was constructed in 1505 AD by the first Portuguese Viceroy, Don Francisco De Almeda, with the consent of the ruling Kolathiri Raja. After changing hands from the Portuguese to the Dutch and then to the English, the fort became one of the important military centres of the British in Malabar. The fort, which is now under the Archaeological Survey of India, offers fascinating views of the Mappila bay fishing harbour. Gundert Bungalow (20 km from Kannur, near Thalasseri town, on the National Highway at Illikunnu): Dr. Herman Gundert, the revered German missionary, scholar and lexicographer lived in this bungalow for 20 years from 1839. Dr. Gundert made great contributions to Malayalam language and literature. He wrote and published more than 25 books which includes the first Malayalam-English dictionary. Thalasseri Fort (22 km from Kannur): The fort constructed in 1708 was the military centre of the British. It is now a historical monument. The SAI Gymnastic Centre, an old Muslim mosque, the Jagannatha Temple and Thiruvangad Sree Rama Swami Temple are other attractions nearby. Madayi Para (25 km from Kannur): The Madayi Kavu Temple, the Vadukunnu Temple and the 12th century mosque built by Malik bin Dinar with white marble imported from Arabia, are the major attractions here. There is also a dilapidated fort at Madayi which is supposed to have been built by Tipu Sultan of Mysore. The view from the fort is fascinating. Valapattanam (7 km from Kannur): The small town on the Valapattanam River is well known for its wood-based industries and timber trade. The port of Azhikkal and Azhikkal Beach are located nearby. Western India Plywoods Limited, the largest wood-based industry in the country and also one of the largest of its kind in South East Asia, is a major industrial concern here. Parassinikadavu (18 km from Kannur town): Sri Muthappan Temple stands on the banks of the Valapattanam river. This pilgrim centre is famous for the Muthappan Theyyam performed every morning and evening. The DTPC provides pleasure boating on the river near the temple and houseboat cruises at the Parassini River. Accommodation is available nearby. The snake park here is the only one of its kind in this State and perhaps the whole of India. Snake demonstrations conducted every hour draw large crowds of visitors (open 0830-1730 hrs everyday). There are frequent bus services from Kannur to Parassinikadavu. Raja Rajeswara Temple (21 km from Kannur): Situated near Taliparamba town on the National Highway this temple is dedicated to Lord Raja Rajeswara (Lord Siva worshipped as the presiding power). Trichambaram Temple (20 km from Kannur, near Taliparamba town on the National Highway): A sacred place of the Vaishnava cult, the deity of the temple is Sree Krishna. The sculptures on the walls of the sanctum sanctorum are unique by themselves. The annual temple festival, usually held in March, is a colourful event. Sree Ramaswami Temple, Thiruvangad (23 km from Kannur): This temple dedicated to Sri Rama is one of the most important temples in Malabar. The exquisite carvings in the temple are said to have been done nearly 400 years ago. Malayala Kalagramam (29 km from Kannur): This renowned centre for arts and culture at New Mahe, conducts courses in painting, sculpture, music, dance and pottery. Thodeekulam Siva Temple (34 km southeast of Kannur): Located 2 km from Kannavam on the Thalasseri-Mananthavady road, this temple is famous for its mural paintings. It is believed to have been constructed 2,000 years ago and was closely connected with the Pazhassi Raja family of Kottayam (Thalasseri taluk). Cherukunnu: Famous for its Anna Poorneswari Temple, the weeklong annual festival falls in April. There is a Kathakali-Panchavadya school called Asthikalalaya near the temple. Kottiyoor: There is a Siva Temple here on the banks of the Bavali River. Thousands of devotees attend the annual 27-day festival during May - June. Kunhimangalam: This place in Payyanur is famous for its unique bronze lamps and sculptures. Events Theyyam festivals at various temples (December - May) Kottiyoor festival (May-June/July) Annual eight day Utsavam at Jagannatha Temple: Highlights: Religious conferences, Elephant processions, Fireworks display, Cultural programmes (February) Payyambalam Beach (2 km from Kannur): This beach is famous for its flat laterite cliffs that jut into the sea. The well-laid gardens and the massive landscaped sculpture of 'Mother and Child' make it extremely captivating. Kizhunna Ezhara Beach (11 km from Kannur): This beautiful stretch of sand is one of the most secluded beaches in Kerala. Meenkunnu Beach (12 km from Kannur): Uncrowded, the beach is a tourists' paradise, with golden sand and surf. Dharmadam Island (100 metres away from the mainland at Dharmadam): The small 5 acre island covered with coconut palms and dense bushes is a beautiful sight from the beach. Muzhapilangad Beach (15 km from Kannur and 8 km from Thalasseri): Black rocks protect this long, clean beach from the currents of the deep, making its shallow waters a swimmer's paradise. Perhaps this is Kerala's only drive-in beach where you can drive down the entire length of 4 km. Pazhassi Dam (37 km east of Kannur): An ideal retreat for tourists, the damsite is famous for its scenic beauty. The DTPC provides pleasure boating facilities at the reservoir. Accommodation is available at the Project Inspection Bungalow and its dormitories. Ezhimala (55 km from Kannur): The beautiful beach here has a hillock nearby (286 m high). Carved stone pillars and an ancient burial chamber can be seen at the foot of the hills. The hills are noted for rare medicinal herbs. A Naval Academy is being developed here. Permission is required for entry. Pythal Mala (65 km from Kannur town): This enchanting hill station, situated 4,500 ft. above sea level near the Kerala - Karnataka border, is rich in flora and fauna. It is a 6 km trek to the top of the hills. Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary (35 km from Thalassery): Elephants, sloth bears, sambars, mouse deer etc. can be found in the 55 sq. km sanctuary. Other attractions: Nature trails, soft trekking, bamboo rafting, coracle boating, stay at tree houses in Pariputhodu and Bhoothamkallu, bathing in the stream at Memutty.

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Wayanad - Outdoor Trail 1. Chembra Peak At 2100 metres, the spectacular Chembra Peak located towards the southern part of Wayanad is the tallest summit in the region. Climbing this peak is a challenging mountaineering endeavour and would take a full day. The surrounding areas offer exceptional photo opportunities. Camping on the peak is a unforgettable experience. Distance: Kalpetta:17kms. Sultan Bathery:42kms 2. Neelimala View Point Neelimala is an excellent venue for trekking with lots of stimulating trails. The summit of this hill affords a great view of the cascading Meenmutty falls and the beautiful valley in it’s foreground. Distance: Kalpetta:27kms.Sultan Bathery:26kms. 3. Meenmutty Falls A interesting 2 km jungle trek off the main Ooty Road, Meenmutty is the largest and most spectacular waterfall in Wayanad. A unique feature is that water drops about 300 metres over three stages. Distance Kalpetta:29kms. Sultan Bathery:28kms 4. Chethalayam Falls Chethalayam is one of Wayanad’s smaller waterfalls. It’s surroundings offer a number of vantage points for bird-watching. It is also popular with trekking enthusiasts Distance: Kalpetta:37kms. Sulthan Bathery:12kms. Mananthavadi : 54 kms. 5. Pakshipathalam Located deep within the forest in the Brahmagiri hills at an altitude of more than 1700 mtrs, Pakshipathalam is a formation of large boulders, some as tall as two storey buildings. The deep caves found here are home to a wide variety of birds, animals and distinctive species of plants. The journey involves an arduous 7 km. trek through thick forest commencing at Thirunelli. (Special permission required from DFO- North Wayanad at Mananthavady). Distance: Kalpetta:71 kms. Sulthan Bathery : 78 kms. Mananthavadi:36 kms. Banasura Sagar Dam Considered to be the largest earth dam in India, the Banasura project precincts are an ideal starting point for treks to the Banasura Peak. An interesting feature is a set of islands that were formed when the reservoir submerged the surrounding areas. Distance: Kalpetta:24 kms. Manathavadi: 34 km Wayanad – Wildlife Trail 1. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary - Muthanga Spread over avast area Muthanga is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Region. Located 18 kms East of Sultan Bathery, it is a rain forest reserve connected to two other major sanctuaries: Bandipur National Park(103kms.) in Karnataka andMudumalai Sanctuary (123kms.)in Tamil Nadu. The vegetation is predominantly moist deciduous forest with smaller stretches of swamps, teak forests, bamboo and tall grass. With such profuse and varied flora, this region hosts several rare herbs and medicinal plants. With numerous watering holes, Muthanga has a large population of pachyderms,and has been declared aProject Elephant site. Other animals species include Leopards, Gaur, Sambar, Cheetal, Barking Deer, Hanuman Langur and Slender Loris. The reserve is also home to a small population of Tigers. In addition, there is also a bewildering variety of birds, butterflies and insects. Distance: Kalpetta:42kms. Sultan Bathery:17kms 1. Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary - Tholpetty Tholpetty reserve is situated along the northern ridge of the district bordering Coorg in Karnataka. In terms of flora and fauna, Tholpetty is much similar to Muthanga. The best season to visit both the sanctuaries is from November to May. Distance: Kalpetta:59kms.Mananthavadi:24 kms. ------------------- Wayanad - Heritage Trail 1. Sultan Bathery Jain Temple This temple is one of the most important amongst a series of Jain ruins spread across the state of Kerala, testify to a period of a strong Jain presence in this region. Believed to have been built in the 13th century, it served as a Hindu shrine, an important for centre for commercial activity and eventually as a battery (ammunition store) for Tipu Sultan’s marching armies. Distance: K: 24 kms. SB: 12 km. M: 41 kms. 2. Edakkal caves An interesting trek up the Ambukuthi Hill near Ambalavayal town takes you to the fascinating neolithic cave site of Edakkal. Etchings found on the walls of these caves have drawn the serious attention of archaeologists and historians worldwide. With at least three distinct sets of petroglyphs, the earliest thought to date back over 5000 years, it is assumed that the Edakkal caves had been inhabited at various stages in history. An interesting attraction close by is a telescope installed by the DTPC a few feet from the caves that offers a panoramic view of the surrounding country. Distance: K: 28 kms. SB: 12 kms. M: 45 kms. . 3. Wayanad Heritage Museum. Located in the town of Ambalavayal, this museum is home to an interesting collection of artifacts that shed light on the history, culture and heritage of the Wayanad region. These include headgear, weapons pottery, and objects associated with tribal life. A series of pictorial rock edicts referred to as Hero Stones, memorialise a bygone age of valiant warriors. Adjoining the museum is a small theatre where you can watch a multimedia presentation on Wayanad. Distance K: 25 kms. SB: 10 kms. M: 42 kms 4. Muniyara Excavations at various points around the foot of the Ambukuthi Hill have unearthed a distinctive series of ancient burial vaults commonly called Muniyaras. Remnants of Stone Age tools and pottery found within these cellars are now displayed at the Wayanad Heritage Museum. Distance: K: 27 kms. SB: 11 kms. M: 44 kms. 5. Uravu Uravu is an NGO that works in the area of indigenous sciences and technology. They run a successful bamboo crafts design and production centre along with a bamboo nursery. Uravu has a whole range of functional and decorative products created out of this wonderful material found so abundantly in Wayanad. You can view and shop for products at their sales outlets, one at Thrikkaipetta and another at Pookote Lake. Distance: K: 12 kms. SB: 23 km. M: 45 kms 6. Chain Tree This large Ficus tree, bound by a prominent chain is the source of a dramatic local legend. As the tale goes, an Adivasi youth named Karinthandan was instrumental in guiding a British Engineer through the difficult mountain terrain into Wayanad. Eager to take credit for the discovery, the engineer conveniently killed his guide, whose soul according to the legend constantly haunted subsequent travellers. It is further believed that a priest chained the troublesome spirit onto this tree. Distance: K: 16 kms. SB: 41 kms. M: 51 kms 7. Pallikkunnu Church Dedicated to the Lourdes Matha, Pallikkunnu Church was established in 1905 at the initiative of a French missionary Fr. Jeffrine. An interesting aspect of this church is that it has several rituals and practices similar to those prevalent in Hindu temples. The annual 2 week Perunnal festival in early February draws large throngs of devotees from other parts of Kerala, as well as outside. Distance: K: 19 kms. SB: 38 kms. M: 23 kms. 8. Korome Mosque This nearly 300 year old mosque is built in traditional Kerala style with extensive wood carvings. Originally built by local Nair gentry, Korome Mosque to this day is seen as a sterling example of communal amity. The annual Uroos festivities draws participants from all religions. Distance: K: 47 kms. SB: 52 kms. M: 23 kms. 9. Paingatteri Agraharam This is a settlement of Tamil Brahmins organised in the classic architectural typology of row houses. Their ancestors are believed to have come from Thanjavur in Tamilnadu principally as cooks to the royal household of the Kottayam dynasty. Distance: K: 28 kms. SB: 23 kms. M: 07 kms 10. Pazhassi Raja’s Tomb Pazhassi Raja, a scion of the Kottayam royal family was one of the earliest to strike the banner of revolt against British overlordship in this part of India. Taking refuge in the Wayanad hills, he resorted to classic techniques of guerrilla warfare against superior British forces. He remained successful for a remarkably long period until finally the English brought in heavy reinforcements from Madras and Bombay. This Lion of Kerala was downed in a ferocious encounter that took place at Mavilanthode in the last days of 1805. Pazhassi’s tomb marks the point where he was cremated. Distance K: 35 kms. SB: 42 km. M: 01 kms. 11. Valliyoor Temple This temple dedicated to the Mother Goddess, manifest in the 3 principal forms of Vana Durga, Bhadrakali and Jala Durga is an important place of worship for various tribal communities in Wayanad. Every year a 15 day festival is held in March/April. Distance: K: 24 kms. SB: 31 kms. M: 5 kms. 12. SeethaLavaKusha Temple This is the only known temple dedicated to Lava and Kusha, the sons of Lord Rama. Local legends connect this region with many important episodes from the Ramayana. As the favoured shrine of the Pazhassi Raja, this temple has traditionally permitted entry to devotees from all faiths. Distance: K: 50 kms. SB: 25 kms. M: 41 kms 13. Thrissilery Shiva Temple This stunning temple of rather perfect architectural proportions, is inextricably linked with the Vishnu temple at Thirunelli. It is believed that the performance of ancestral rites at Thirunelli remain unfinished unless followed by offerings at this temple. Within the premises there is also a shrine devoted to Jala Durga, believed to have been installed by no less a person than the legendary warrior Parasurama. There are many myths connected with the temple tank here, which curiously enough never dries up! Distance: K: 50 kms. SB: 25 kms. M: 41 kms 14. Thirunelli Temple Nestled amidst mountains and forests, the ancient riverside temple of Thirunelli is a fine specimen of classical Kerala temple architecture. Legend has it that this temple was dedicated by the Creator, Lord Brahma to propitiate the Preserver, Lord Vishnu. The idol is in the form of Chathurbhuja. Often referred to as Dakshina Kasi (the Kasi of the south), this temple draws pilgrims from all over, primarily for ancestral rites. The two main festivals here are in April and August/September. Distance: K: 64 kms. SB: 71 kms. M: 29 kms. 15. Papanasini, Thirunelli A short walk from Thirunelli temple is the clear mountain spring known as Papanasini. A ritual dip here is believed to wash one away of all worldly sins. Distance: K: 64 kms. SB: 71 kms. M: 29 kms. 16. Jain Temples (Ruined) Apart from the Sultan Bathery temple, there are other significant Jain remnants in Wayanad. The temples at Punchavayal and Puthenangadi are the best known of these. With their beautifully carved pillars now partly ruined, and the area rather derelict, these sites exude a peculiar aura of mystery Distance: K: 20 kms. SB: 18 kms. M: 21 kms. K = Kalpetta , SB = Sultan Bathery, M = Mananthavadi Wayanad – Leisure Trail 1. Pookote Lake Set in a beautiful valley and surrounded by evergreen forests and wooded hills, Pookote is one of Wayanad’s top visitor draws. This natural lake near Lakkidi is just a short distance off the National Highway 212. It has been developed as a recreational centre having boating facilities, children’s park, shop for souvenirs and spices, and a fresh water aquarium. Replete with a café and restaurant, this is a good setting for day outings with family. Distance: K: 15 kms. SB: 40 kms. M: 50 kms 2. Sentinal Rock Falls Locally known as Soochipara, this is a very popular leisure destination. While younger visitors love to romp in the pool formed at the foot of the fall, the more restrained can have equally good fun just taking in the scenery. Distance: K: 23kms. SB:43 kms. M: 58 kms 3. Kanthanpara Falls Relatively smaller than Sentinal Rock, and rather less frequented, Kanthanpara and it’s surroundings are nonetheless very pleasant. An easy hike away from the main road, it’s perfect for picnics. Distance: K: 22 kms. SB: 23 kms. M: 57 kms K = Kalpetta , SB = Sultan Bathery, M = Mananthavadi 4. Sunrise Valley As the name indicates, Sunrise Valley is a great place to watch the rising and setting sun set amidst dramatic mountain scenery. The place also offers a panoramic view of the valley beneath with the River Chaliyar meandering along. Distance: K: 22 kms. SB: 20 kms. M: 57 kms 5. RARS The Regional Agricultural Research Station located in Ambalavayal town is part of the Kerala Agricultural University. This station conducts research on spices, tropical and sub tropical fruits, vegetables and hill paddy. RARS also has a nursery with a large collection of rare roses and ornamental plants. Visiors can purchase seeds and saplings the Sales Counter. Distance: K: 25 kms. SB:10 kms. M: 42 kms 6. Phantom Rock Located close to Ambalavayal town, Phantom Rock; named so because of it’s skull head shape, is locally called Cheengeri Mala. The immediate surroundings offer excellent photo opportunities. Distance: K: 26 kms. SB:12 kms. M: 43 kms 7. Karapuzha Dam This large irrigation based dam site is set amidst picturesque surroundings. It is a great place for picnics. Distance: K: 40 kms. SB: 58 kms. M: 17 kms 8. Pazhassi Park A recreational project, Pazhassi Park comprises of a children’s play area and boating facilities on the Mananthavady river. Distance: K: 33 kms. SB:40 kms. M: 02 kms 9. Kuruva Island The Kuruva Island with 950 acres of evergreen forest lies on one of the tributaries of the Kabini. The island is home to various species of rare birds, orchids and herbs. Distance: K: 40kms. SB: 58 kms. M: 17 kms 10. Karalad Lake A 7 acre lake with a charming grove surrounding it, Karalad is now being developed as a recreational park with facilities for boating and angling. Distance: K: 16 kms. SB: 41 kms. M: 25 kms ---------------------

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Kottiyoor or Kottiyur is a famous Hindu pilgrim center devoted to Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati. The proper name of the temple here is Sri Kottiyoor Mahadeva Kshetram. Kottiyoor temple is located near Kelakam in Kannur district of the southern state Kerala. Sri Kottiyoor temple is also known as the "Dakshina Kashi" or "Varanasi of the South" and attracts lakhs of devotees every year during the "Vaisakha Maholsavam" celebrations. See the dates of Vaisakha Maholsavam 2011. Kottiyoor is totally different from any other temple. Set amidst the jungle, nourished by a flowing river in serene surroundings, you will feel the divine energy the moment you step on this mythical land. Continue exploring this site to know more about Kottiyoor temple. www.keralatrip.in

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Aralam - www.keralatrip.in

Laterites Laterite is a ferruginous, reddish, soft rock with irregular galleries filled with yellow clay, which hardens on exposure to atmospheric agencies. Laterite formation is attributed to monsoon conditions repeated through ages. Decomposition of gneiss and partial rearrangement by the mechanical action of water give rise to lateritic rocks. Crystalline rocks The mountains of the Western Ghats are composed of ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks of Achaean age, mainly quartzose gneiss. The principal rock types are granites and their gneissic variations. The gneissic rocks are biotite gneiss, their chief constituents being quartz, felspar, biotite and garnet. The main feature of gneiss in the Western Ghats is the tendency to weather or decompose, generally into white, yellow or red felsparic clayey rocks, which in many places often very extensively, become lateritic. The soil types met with in the sanctuary are mainly laterite soils, red soils and forest and hill soils. Lateritic and red soils are found within the lower reaches where the soil depth is fairly good. As the elevation increases the soil changes to forest and hill type. Also, at the lower reaches, soil contains appreciable amounts of gravel, which indicates good internal drainage. The accumulation of humus in the topsoil gives it dark reddish brown to dark brown colour, which changes to red in the sub soil. The surface soil has granular structure, which favours good root development. The soil is predominantly non-calcareous in character and acidic in reaction.www.keralatrip.in

Aralam - Keralatrip.in

We have No strobulantaz to boast about ... No blue hills to colour your dreams ... But our hills are still claded with huge Evergreen trees of Tropical Evergreen forests ... Rivers are still crystal clear and unpolluted ... Some Facts .. Formation of Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary GO(P) 300/84 dated 15.10.84 Formation of Aralam Wildlife Division GO(MS) 36/98 dated 27.05.1998 Boundaries North – Karnataka State East -- Wayanad district South – Kottiyoor RF and Cheenkannipuzha West – Central State Farm Aralam Extent 55 Sq Km (5500 Ha) Situation Northern most protected area of Kerala and situated in South east Kannur District. Location Latitude 110 541 and 110 591 North Longitude 750 471 and 750 871 East Approach 20 Km away from Iritty Nearest Railway Station Thalassery & Kannur Some Challeneges .. Fragmentation of forest habitat is going to be the biggest challenge to biodiversity conservation in Kerala in the forthcoming decades. In this context, forests of Aralam wildlife sanctuary assume importance on the following grounds. Forests of Aralam and adjacent areas represent the only compact protected patch of vegetation belonging to the unique vegetation sub-type viz; the Dipterocarpus-Messua-Palaquium sub-type in Kerala. The edaphic conditions of the region are distinct from those of the southern reaches. Aralam is a contiguous block of forests stretching to the adjacent Wayanad-Brahmagiri and Wayanad northern slopes. The forests are also contiguous with the protected areas of the Karnataka state namely the Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary and also with the forests of Coorg and assume much importance in meta population management especially with regard to the case of larger mammals such as Gaur, Elephant, Tiger and endemic primates such as Lion-tailed macaque, and Nilgiri Langur. The Cheenkannipuzha, a major tributary to the Valapattanam River originates from the forests of Aralam and this river is very crucial in controlling the Agro-Economy and Fishery- Economy of Kannur District. Perennial nature of the river is very much depended on the watershed services provided by the Aralam forests. It is the only protected stretch of forests in the district and since man-wildlife conflict is a mounting problem in the region, due to the presence of larger fauna, Aralam wildlife sanctuary has tremendous scope in the field of Conservation, Education, Research and creating environmental awareness. Aralam sanctuary forms a vital link in the network of protected areas stretching from north to south along the Western Ghats. Aralam forests with its local specialized ecological niche support a variety of endemic species, which are in the verge of extinction.

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Aralam Wildlife - www.keralatrip.in

West Coast Tropical Evergreen Forest

It is climax vegetation of the area and is characterised by the luxuriance of its vegetation which consists of at least three tiers, the highest often attaining a height of 40 to 45 m. Very often the trees are buttressed at base and the boles are clean, cylindrical, un-branched atleast up to two-thirds of their height and generally with a spreading or umbrella shaped crown at the top. The middle stratum is more or less candle shaped and the lower characteristically conical. Heavy infestation of trees with orchids, aroids, mosses, ferns and lichens are common. Species with cauliflory are not rare. Trees with barks showing various features like smooth, flaky, fissured etc. are not uncommon. The multiplicity of species co-existing in complex biological equilibrium gives this type of forest the highest status viz. ‘climatic climax’. Floristics Physiognomically three storeys can be recognised in this type of forests. The dominant upper storey, which is usually of about 40-45 m in height, consists chiefly of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Bischofia javanica, Calophyllum elatum, Canarium strictum, Cullenia exarillata, Dipterocarpus sp, Drypetes elata, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus, Holigarna arnottiana, Mesua ferrea, Palaquim ellipticum, Persea macrantha, Polyalthia coffeoides, and Vateria indica. The second storey, which is about 15-30 m high, is comprised of Aglaia eleagnoidea, Actinoidaphne hookeri, Baccaurea courtallensis, Cinnamom malabathrum, Democarpus longan, Elaeocarpus serratus, Garcinia morella, Litsea wightiana, Myristica dactyloides and others. The third storey which is of less than 15 m in height consists of small trees like Euonymus angulatus, Jambosa munroi, Memecylon sp., Xanthophyllum flavescens and also profuse shrubs like Lasianthus sp., psychotria sp., Solanum sp., Strobilanthus sp., Thottia siliquosa etc. Monocots are few and their presence is localised. Important among them are Aranga wightii, Calamus sp., Pinanga dicksonii, Ochlandra sp., Oxytenenthera sp. and so on. The ground flora is sparse and represented by species like Amomum sp., Arisaema leschenaultii, centlla asiatica, Elettaria cardamomum, Ophiorrhiza brunonis, Sarcandra sp and various species of Begonia and Elatostemma. Woody lianas are represented by Caesalpinia bonduc, Entada pursetha etc while straggling ones with or without thorns are represented by Derris sp, Dioscorea sp, Smilax zeylanica, Thunbergia sp, Tragea involucrate and so on Epiphytes are represented by Fagraea zeylanica, various species of orchids, aroids and pteridophytes. Common parasites are Elytranthe sp, Loranthus sp, Viscum sp, etc.

Aralam Wildlife - www.keralatrip.in

Evergreen Forest This type of forest although floristically rich is commercially very poor. It is inferior to wet evergreen forests of lower elevations. Although species like Calophyllum etc. are found here they are nanic and crooked with a spreading crown. The heights of the trees seldom exceed 20 m and are heavily festooned with mosses, lichens, aroids and ferns. At an elevation of 1200 to 100 m a transition may be found between this type of forest and the wet evergreen. Floristics The principal species are Calophyllum polyanthum, Cinnamomum sulphuratum, Elaeocarpus munroii, Garcinia sp., Memeceylon sp., Syzygium sp. and members of lauraceae. A good number of them show affinity towards temperate flora.

Kerala Trip: Aralam Wildlife- www.keralatrip.in: trekking package Total available days : 270 days Total No. of trekking packages: 24 days (Ambalappara) Total No. of trekking packages: ...

Kerala Trip: Aralam Wildlife- www.keralatrip.in: trekking package Total available days : 270 days Total No. of trekking packages: 24 days (Ambalappara) Total No. of trekking packages: ...

Aralam Wildlife- www.keralatrip.in

trekking package Total available days : 270 days Total No. of trekking packages: 24 days (Ambalappara) Total No. of trekking packages: 30 days (Meenmutty) Day visit: 200 days /Year (Day Visits) Monsoon camp : 4 days Book Now Adventurous trekking to Ambalappara Situation -- 25 Km away from Valayanchal Altitude -- 1489 m alone M.S.L Ambalappara is an area situated about 25 km away from Valayamchal, on hilly terrain about 1500 m above means sea level. This Alpine eco system is having century old dwarf shola vegetations and very good animal population. About 6 tourists can be accommodated in a package for 3 days along with 5 Watchers/ Guides. The trekkers will take one day to reach Ambalappara through tough terrines. The accommodation for the tourists will be arranged in Ambalappara Watch Tower, constructed for the protection of the area. As it is situated in the deep forest, this package is meant for tourists, who are adventurous and ready to take risks. By enjoying the wildness and scenic beauty tourists can spend a complete day in the deep forest. On the 3rd day return journey starts. Sighting wild animals on the way depends how soft your foot steps are and how disciplined that you are. Book Now Top Trekking to Meenmutty falls Situation:- 14 Km away from Valayamchal Meenmutty is a perennial water fall situated about 14 km away from Valayamchal, where the Asst. Wildlife Warden’s office situated. Trekking to Meenmutty enables the tourists to enjoying the scenic beauty of the rain forest, by enjoying the unpolluted air and water, by watching birds and butterflies which are endemic to the area. One day stay in the Watch Tower at Meenmutty provides you calm and cool night sleep by hearing the music of nocturnals. Book Now Top Day visit at Aralam Sanctuary Tourists want to enjoy the fresh air and water of Aralam Rain forest can opt one day visit in Aralam Sanctuary. People can hire jeep for visiting Aralam Sanctuary. Day visit will be guided by EDC guides and visitors are permitted between 8 am to 4 pm. Advance booking can be done in Wildlife Warden’s office at Iritty or Asst. Wildlife Warden’s office at Valayamchal. Day Visit in Aralam Sanctuary Category Rupees (per day) Adult 10 + 5 (EDC) / Each Children (Below 12 years) 5 + 2 (EDC) / Each Foreigners 100 + 50 (EDC) / Each Vehicle (Heavy) 150 Vehicle (Light) 75 / Each Vehicle (Others) 20 Guide 150 Video / Movie 150 Ordinary Camera 25 As per G.O (Rt) No. 609/05/F&WLD dated 11.11.2005 Book Now Top

Aralam wildlife - www.keralatrip.in

Aralam wildlife sanctuary is the northernmost protected area of Kerala state, situated in the southeast part of Kannur District. It lies between 11° 54 and 11° 59 North latitude and 75° 47 and 75° 57 East longitude. The sanctuary area falls in Aralam, Kelakam and Kottiyoor revenue villages and is located in the Northwest slopes of Western Ghats contiguous with the forests of Coorg (Kodagu) district of Karnataka state. The PA (Protected Area) is comprised of Aralam Range, the only Range of Aralam wildlife division, which is part of Northern Wildlife Circle (Northern Region) Palakkad. The extent of the sanctuary is 55 km2 . The sanctuary was constituted in the year 1984 as per GO (P) 300/84/AD dated 15-10-84. It was formed by carving out areas from the Odanthode Malavaram of Thalassery special division which was an erstwhile private forest, subsequently taken over by Govt. as per the provisions of the Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and assignment) Act 1971 and from the Kottiyoor RF of Wayanad Forest Division. The Vested Forest portion of the sanctuary is 32.64 km2 and the 22.36 km2 is part of Kottiyoor RF (Reserved Forest). Till 30.6.98 this sanctuary was a Range in Wayanad Wildlife Division. It started functioning as an independent wildlife division since 1.7.98 as per GO (MS) 36/98 dated 27.5.98. In the First Management Plan the entire area was divided in to two zones viz: the Core Zone and the Buffer Zone.WWW.KERALATRIP.IN

Kerala Trip: Madayipara-www.keralatrip.in: Madayipara is a significant spot owing to its bio-diversity as well as history. In the past, Madayipara was the administrative center o...

Kerala Trip: Kerala Trip: Madayipara-www.keralatrip.in: Madayip...: Kerala Trip: Madayipara-www.keralatrip.in : Madayipara is a significant spot owing to its bio-diversity as well as history. In the past, Ma...

Paithalmala- www.keralatrip.in

Paithalmala (Pi-thal-ma-la) is an enchanting hill station in North Kerala (India) in the Western Ghats near Kerala-Karnataka border. Standing as tall as about 4,500 feet (1372metres) above sea level, the summit is located about 65 kms north-east of Kannur (Canannore) city and 35 kms east of Thaliparamba. North of Paithalmala is the Kudaku forest. These huge mountains lay spread over 500 acres of land enriched with dense forest. The easiest access to the summit is from a place called Kappimala. One can go by bus up to Kappimala (kaappi-mala) and then a bumpy jeep ride of two kilometers through the "muttatham-vayal" mountain till the forest border at "Manja-pullu". A two (2) km trekking through the forest will then take you to the summit. The peak offers a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains beneath it. It is also a haven for a wide variety of rare flora and fauna. There are many seasonal waterfalls and brooks in the nearby areas. Paithalmala is an ideal spot for adventure tourism as well. There are not many such fascinating hill stations in the region. It is believed that the name 'Paithal' (meaning an infant) has connection with the 'Paithalkon' dynasty of Malabar. Tourism development in Paithalmala is being taken up as a major scheme by Government of Kerala. The works include a suspension bridge for watching the seasonal waterfall, renovation of the watch tower, facilities for camping, trekking path and road widening. At the base of the mountain at Kudiyanmala, a tourist information center and dormitory have been constructed. The tourism development at Paithalmala is estimated at about 27 million Indian rupees. Kerala trip

Kerala Trip: Madayipara-www.keralatrip.in: Madayipara is a significant spot owing to its bio-diversity as well as history. In the past, Madayipara was the administrative center o...

Madayipara-www.keralatrip.in

Madayipara is a significant spot owing to its bio-diversity as well as history. In the past, Madayipara was the administrative center of the Ezhimala kings. In and around Madayipara, one can find remnants from the past. At the southern side of the hill, stand the remains of a fort called Pazhi Kotta (kotta means fort in Malayalam). Here one can also find watchtowers at the four corners of the fort. Between AD 14 and AD 18, Madayipara used to be the site for the coronation ceremony of the rulers of the princely state of the erstwhile Kolathunadu.

The hillock of Madayipara, which carries several signs of historic relevance, is also a place important from a religious point of view. Here, a pond in the shape of a hand held mirror, connected to ancient jewish setllers is another historic attraction. Similarly, a temple at this site, called Vadukunda Siva Temple and the adjoining lake, about an acre in extension form yet another attraction at Madayipara. The lake near the temple will not go dry even in hot summer months and remains a source of nourishment to life forms at Madayipara. The pooram festival of Madayi Kavu (kavu ? family temples and those in the midst of thick vegetation) held at Madayipara has been responsible for much of its fame. With regard to the bio-diversity of Madayipara, it has been found that the region contains about 300 flowering plants, about 30 varieties of grass, and several insect-eating plant species. Madayipara is also home to several rare medicinal herbs, which are sought by people from near and far off places. Coming to avian life, Madayipara sustains about 100 species of butterflies and about 150 species of birds. Among the biggest butterflies in the world, the Atlas butterfly is a visitor to Madayipara. Kerala Trip

Kerala Trip: Valiyaparamba- www.keralatrip.in: Valiyaparamba , about 30 km from Bekal, Kasaragod, north Kerala.Valiyaparamba is perhaps the most scenic backwater stretch in Kerala. Fe...

Valiyaparamba- www.keralatrip.in

Valiyaparamba, about 30 km from Bekal, Kasaragod, north Kerala.Valiyaparamba is perhaps the most scenic backwater stretch in Kerala. Fed by four rivers and dotted with numerous little islands, Valiyaparamba is fast turning into a much favoured backwater resort that offers enchanting boat cruises. Valiyaparamba,a hinterland separated from the mainland, is a noted fishing centre in the district and is just an hour's drive from Bekal - one of the most enchanting beaches of Kerala. The Bekal fot which stands on a headland that runs into the sea offers a spectacular view of the surroundings. Getting there: Nearest railway station: Kasaragod, on the Kozhikode-Mangalore-Mumbai route, about 46 km from Valiyaparamba. Nearest airports: Mangalore in Karnataka State, about 50 km from Kasaragod; Karipur international airport, Kozhikode, about 200 km from Kasaragod. The northernmost district of Kerala, Kasaragod is situated on the sea coast with the Western Chats on its east and northern borders. Backwater trips on the Chandragiri River and at Valiyaparamba are fascinating experiences. Chandragiri: Located 4 kilometers from Kasaragod town. Situated on the Chandragiri River, southeast of Kasaragod town, this town is known for the large 17th century Chandragiri Fort, one of a chain of forts. It offers a breathtaking view of the river and the Arabian Sea. It is a vantage point to watch the sunset. Boat trips to nearby islands and palm groves are available. Valiyaparamba: 30 kms from Bakel, this is perhaps the most scenic backwater stretch in Kerala. Fed by four rivers and dotted with a cute little island, four rivers and dotted with a cute little island, Valiyaparamba is fest turning into a much favored backwater resort that offers enchanting boat cruises. On the seacoast the backwater destination of Kasaragod offers mesmerizing trips to the enchanting Chandragiri and the vivacious Valiyaparamba. Situated on the Chandragiri river the former is renowned for the chain of forts. The latter provides the best breathtaking views of the backwaters. The boat cruises to and from Kasaragod will never fail to enchant you. On your backwater tour you must check out the well-preserved Bekal Fort. The Pallikere and the Kappil beach at Kasaragod are excellent spots for relaxation and rejuvenation.

Kerala Trip: Madayipara- www.keralatrip.in: The Madayi rocks, as the name implies, is a picturesque hillock 25 k.m. north of Kannur, with a large lake on the top. The hillock off...

Madayipara- www.keralatrip.in

The Madayi rocks, as the name implies, is a picturesque hillock 25 k.m. north of Kannur, with a large lake on the top. The hillock offers a panoramic view of the rolling country and the sea. There is a dilapidated fort, a sacred grove (the Madayi Kavu temple) and a mosque believed to have been built by Malik bin Deenar in the 7th century and later renovated with marble brought from Mecca in 1124 A.D. The fort itself is believed to have been built by Tippu Sulthan of Mysore during his foray into Malabar. It is 25 km away from Kannur town.

Kerala Trip: MadayiPara- kerala: This month, we invite you to the green, laterite hill, located at Pazhayangadi in Kannur District, which would soon get its due share of att...

MadayiPara- kerala

This month, we invite you to the green, laterite hill, located at Pazhayangadi in Kannur District, which would soon get its due share of attention as a center of tourist attraction. Less known to the leisure and travel world, Madayipara in the near future would benefit from a government project to transform the area into a cultural village. But, Madayipara as it is now, itself is a place worth visiting, especially for those who would like to walk and explore things own their own. Madayipara is a significant spot owing to its bio-diversity as well as history. In the past, Madayipara was the administrative center of the Ezhimala kings. In and around Madayipara, one can find remnants from the past. At the southern side of the hill, stand the remains of a fort called Pazhi Kotta (kotta means fort in Malayalam). Here one can also find watchtowers at the four corners of the fort. Between AD 14 and AD 18, Madayipara used to be the site for the coronation ceremony of the rulers of the princely state of the erstwhile Kolathunadu. The hillock of Madayipara, which carries several signs of historic relevance, is also a place important from a religious point of view. Here, a pond in the shape of a hand held mirror, connected to ancient jewish setllers is another historic attraction. Similarly, a temple at this site, called Vadukunda Siva Temple and the adjoining lake, about an acre in extension form yet another attraction at Madayipara. The lake near the temple will not go dry even in hot summer months and remains a source of nourishment to life forms at Madayipara. The pooram festival of Madayi Kavu (kavu - family temples and those in the midst of thick vegetation) held at Madayipara has been responsible for much of its fame. With regard to the bio-diversity of Madayipara, it has been found that the region contains about 300 flowering plants, about 30 varieties of grass, and several insect-eating plant species. Madayipara is also home to several rare medicinal herbs, which are sought by people from near and far off places. Coming to avian life, Madayipara sustains about 100 species of butterflies and about 150 species of birds. Among the biggest butterflies in the world, the Atlas butterfly is a visitor to Madayipara. The upcoming cultural village project of the state government is aimed to sustain and keep intact the physical as well as historic importance of Madayipara, and at the same time encourage visitors to savour the unparalleled attractions of this beautiful terrain. Getting there: Nearest railway station: Pazhayangadi, about 2 kms away. Nearest airport: Karipur Airport, about 118 kms away. KERALA TRIP